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一、什么是"三长两短一并列"？
例句1： 我是Lilian。 I am Lilian. （主系表） 例句2： 我教英语。 I teachEnglish. （主谓宾） 例句3： 我是来自重庆的Lilian。 I am Lilian from Chongqing. 例句4： 我在希来学园教英语。 Iteach English at Xilai. 例句5：After chattingwith Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office. (After chatting) (with Laura) (on thismatter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (tomy office). 英语中主要的只有五种修饰成分，称为"三长两短"。它们是使句子变复杂的主要因素，再加上同样会使句子变复杂的"平行并列结构"，统称为"三长两短一并列"
(1)句子主干部分：英语中的五大基本句型
主语+谓语 I come. 主语+谓语+宾语 I learn English. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 You teach us English. 主语+谓语+宾语+补语 You make me happy. 主语+系动词+表语 English is interesting.
(2)句子修饰成分："三长两短"
"两短"：形容词、副词 "三长"：介词短语、从句、非谓语
(3)一并列——平行并列结构
由"并列词" and/or/ but/ as well as/ not only..., but also.../ both... and.../ either...or.../neither... nor...等, 将两个或两个以上"含义相似，结构相同"的"并列项"连接起来构成的结构。简记为"A and B"或"A, B andC"。
二、用括号法解决长难句
Step 1. 预处理
给"三长"加括号，给"并列词"（and, or, but, as well as等）加方框，给"并列项"（A和B）加下划线
(1) 标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。 (After chatting) (with Laura) (on thismatter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).
(2) 标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。 ① 到句尾终止，如：Lilian is a teacher (who teachesEnglish). ② 到句中的逗号终止，如：(When I was young), I listened tothe radio. ③ 到下一个修饰成分终止，如：I will invite Yao Ming (who wasa top basketball player) to Beijing. (to Beijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止) ④ 到下一个谓语动词终止，如Yao Ming (who was a topbasketball player) is studying in Shanghai.
(3) 标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。 ① 到句尾终止，如：Lilian is a teacher (teachingEnglish). ② 到句中的逗号终止，如：(To improve my English), I oftenlisten to the English radio. ③ 到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Jack walked into the hall,(waving) to the audience. (to the audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。) ④ 到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We, (singing a happy song),rode to school.
(4) 标记平行并列结构 原则上，只要是"含义相似，结构相同"的东西都能并列，所以英语句子中可以并列的东西有很多，读句子的时候要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。如： ①名词并列：I like the box placed on the desk andthe flowers in your hand. ②形容词并列：Mr. Smith is a kind, patient andknowledgeable English teacher. ③副词并列：You are supposed to answer the followingquestions quickly and accurately. ④谓语动词并列：With the Internet, we can not onlyplay computer games but also do online shopping. ⑤介词短语并列：And that government of the people, bythe people and for the people shall not perish from the earth. ⑥从句并列：I've finished reading the book (which iswritten by Mo Yan) and (which you lent me last month). ⑦非谓语动词并列：Singing and laughing, we headed tothe park. ⑧整句并列：The children can go with us or they canstay at home. 注1：先找B，后找A A和B结构相同，含义相似 I like the box (on the desk) and theflowers (in your hand) ( which you promised) (to give me). 注2：一旦出现下一修饰成分，果断结束掉上一修饰成分，不管上一成分本身结束了没。 Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English)( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China).
Step 2. 做直译 一个括号一个括号地翻译
Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English)( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China). 黄洁是一个老师——教英语——在海口——它是一个美丽的城市——中国的 注3；英语是"挂钩"的语言，每个括号里的第一个单词都称为挂钩单词，可以通过每个挂钩单词提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来。括号里的第一个单词都成为挂钩单词，可以通过每个挂钩提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来题，将一个个括号连接起来
Step 3. 调语序 后修变前修，增删个别词
Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English)( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China). 黄洁是一个老师——教英语——在海口——它是一个美丽的城市——中国的 黄洁是一个在中国的美丽城市海口教英语的老师。 黄洁是一个老师，她在中国的美丽城市海口教英语。
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